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How different is the U.S.?
美国有多不同？
Tags:
agent orange american support dictatorships american war crimes guatemala infected history of united states war crimes human rights violation saddam hussein salvador allende std terrorism us support us war crimes vietnam war
关键词
橙剂；美国支持独裁者；美国的战争罪行；危地马拉疫情；反人权；萨达姆侯赛因；萨尔瓦多阿连德；性病；恐怖主义；越战。
One of the questions I wanted to answer for some time but did not find the time to do so is “How different is the U.S. in terms of human rights from other superpowers that came before it?
这成为我一直想回答的问题之一已经有一段时间了，但没有时间做，这个问题就是“美国在人权方面与它之前出现的其他超级大国有多不同?”
If we ask an average citizen of the United States we will probably get an answer resembling this one: “The United States is and has been a force for good in the world. It stands for freedom, liberty and democracy. It upholds and guards basic human rights both at home and abroad”.
如果我们问一个普通美国公民，我们可能会得到像这样的答案：“美国是世界向善的力量。它代表自由和民主。它在国内外守护基本人权。”
Indeed, if you would have asked me or my countrymen just after the bloody 1989 revolution that overthrew the communists, you would have gotten a similar answer. America was the bright light of democracy and freedom that shown through the dark clouds of totalitarianism.
的确，如果你要在1989年推翻GCD的血腥革命刚刚过去时问我或我的同胞，你将得到一个类似的回答。美国是穿透极权主义黑云的民主和自由的亮光。
With time, many have become disenchanted with America and some of those people now have anti-American views. So how much truth does that statement contain? It has some validity in respect to the domestic part of it.
随着时间的推移，许多人变得疏离美国，现在，一些人有了反美的看法。所以宣言中包含多少真理?涉及国内的部分是有些正确性的。
The U.S. ranks among the top 20 countries in terms of internal freedom and democracy, but a look at America’s foreign track record paints an image of a country no different than other major world powers that came before it. I will point out some of Washington’s most questionable actions over the course of the 20th and 21st century. My starting point will be post World War II as it was the point when the U.S. truly emerged as a world superpower. I will not be addressing any internal issues such as slavery and discrimination. Please note that these are just a few examples and not the whole list as my scope is to illustrate some aspects of foreign policy and not to put the U.S. on trial.
在内部自由和民主國镓中美国是排名前20位的，但看看美国的外交记录所描绘的景象，这个國镓与他以前的出现过的强权没有什么不同。我将会指出一些在过去的20世纪和21世纪华盛顿最可疑的行为。我从二战后当美国真正成为世界超级大国开始。我不会关注任何内部问题，比如奴隶制和歧视。请注意，这只是几个例子，而不是整个清单，只是为了说明外交政策的某些方面，不是要审问美国。
First on my list is the infamous Gulf of Tonkin incident. This incident reminds me of Nazi Germany’s use of a ”false flag” attack to justify the invasion of Poland. In August 1964, the U.S. claimed that North Vietnamese forces had twice attacked its forces in that gulf. These incidents have served as justification for the U.S. administration to declare war on North Vietnam. We now know that one of these incidents never took place. It was admitted later by many officials including Robert McNamara. The Vietnam War ended the lives of over 58.000 Americans and 1.5 – 2 million Vietnamese. Among the most controversial actions of the war were the Phoenix Program, an assassination campaign that targeted suspected north Vietnamese agents and killed close to 27,000 individuals and the use of Agent Orange, a herbicide that killed an estimated 400,000 people and led to bout half of million children born with deformations. Cambodian and Laotian deaths also numbered in the hundreds of thousands.
首先在我的清单中的是臭名昭著的北部湾倳件。这次倳件让我想起纳粹德国使用“错误旗帜”攻击来辩护对波兰的入侵。1964年8月，美国宣称，北越部队已经两次攻击他在海湾里的军队。此倳件已成为美国炡椨对北越宣战的理由。我们现在知道，这些倳件从未发生。后来，许多官员包括罗伯特·麦克纳马拉在内也承认了。越南战争牺牲了58.000美国人和1.5 - 200万越南人的生命。最具争议的战争行动是凤凰计划，一个暗杀行动，目标是被怀疑是北越南特工的越南人，杀了近27000个人并使用橙剂，这种除草剂估计造成400000人丧生，导致500000新生儿畸形。也有数千老挝和柬埔寨人死亡。
The Bay of Pigs fiasco of 1961 was another example of the U.S. meddling in other people’s business. The C.I.A. orchestrated attempt to overthrow Cuban leader Fidel Castro was a resounding failure. The agency, with the help of organized crime elements put together an invasion force of Cuban exiles called Brigade 2506. The invasion force of 1500 departed from Guatemala and made landfall in Cuba at the Bay of Pigs. It was defeated by the Cuban armed forces within three days. This served to consolidate Fidel Castro’s rule and steer Cuba toward closer relations with the USSR. Cuba’s fear of further attempts persuaded them to allow Soviet nuclear missiles on the island, bringing the world on the brink of nuclear war.
1961年的猪猡湾惨败是另一个美国干预他国的例子。中情局策划的推翻古巴领导人菲德尔·卡斯特罗的企图彻底失败。该机构在有组织犯罪的帮助下，纠集了古巴流亡者组成的称为2506旅的入侵部队。1500人的入侵军力离开危地马拉并登陆古巴的猪湾，三天之内被古巴军队打败了。这反而巩固了菲德尔•卡斯特罗的统治并逼迫古巴与苏联发展更为密切的关系。古巴的担心使得他们进一步尝试允许苏联核导弹部署在岛上，把世界带到核战争的边缘。
Elected democratically in 1970, Chile’s Marxist president, Salvador Allende, was considered unacceptable by the Nixon administration. The president allocated 10 million dollars to the C.I.A. in order to overthrow Allende’s regime. A first coup attempt in the summer of 1973 was unsuccessful but on September 11th of the same year, another U.S. backed coup led by Augusto Pinochet would eventually succeed. Allende allegedly shot himself shortly after giving his last speech to the nation. The country was transformed into a dictatorship with Pinochet at its helm between 1973 and 1990. Thousand were imprisoned, tortured and murdered under his U.S. backed reign.
1970年，民主选举的智利马克思主义总统萨尔瓦多·阿连德被尼克松炡椨认为是不可接受的。总统提供了1000万美元给中情局来推翻阿连德政权。1973年夏天的第一次政变企图是不成功的，但在同年9月11日，另一个美国领导的支持奥古斯托·皮诺切特的政变终于成功。据称阿连德在他最后对国民的演讲后不久饮弹自尽（译者注：按照军炡椨的官方版本，阿连德是用机关枪自杀的。枪托上嵌有黄金，上刻“致好友萨尔瓦多·阿连德，菲德尔·卡斯特罗赠”。多年以来，阿连德的支持者几乎一致认为他是被政变军人杀害的。近些年来，自杀的这一版本开始被接受。另一个版本称，阿连德是在总统府外台阶上的交火中被杀的）。1973年到1990年间，这个國镓变成了一个皮诺切特掌舵的独裁國镓。在美国的支持下，数千智力人被监禁、折磨和杀害。
Mobutu Sese Seko was another tyrant that enjoyed the perks of being a U.S. stodge. During his reign in power, Mobutu has personally received more than 150 million dollars in bribes and secret payments. His government has received over one billion dollars in development aid and around 250 million in military aid. To get an idea of this man’s mental state it’s sufficient to recall that he imposed a five year prison sentence for any parent that would choose an European name for his child and, in 1972, he renamed himself Mobutu Sese Seko Nkuku Ngbendu Wa Za Banga (“The all-powerful warrior who, because of his endurance and inflexible will to win, goes from conquest to conquest, leaving fire in his wake.”).
蒙博托·塞塞·塞科，另一个美国大力支持的暴君。在他统治时期，其个人收了超过1.5亿美元的贿赂和秘密援助资金。他统治的炡椨则收到超过十亿美元的发展援助和大约2.5亿的军事援助。想要了解这个人的精神状态，看看他的所作所为就够了，他强迫实施5年有期徒刑给任何为孩子起欧洲名字的父母。在1972年，他改名字叫Mobutu Sese Seko Nkuku Ngbendu Wa Za Banga (意思是“全能战士”，取这个名字是因为他的耐力和坚韧一定会赢，不断的征服，在身后留下漫天大火)（燃烧军团吗？想起了阿克蒙德~~译者注）。
The intentional infecting of Guatemalans with STD’s during the 40′s and 50′s is as heinous a crime as it gets. U.S. government “scientists” infected over 1400 people with sexually transmitted diseases in order to study the effects. The people infected were not informed of this action. This excerpt from the Washington Post speaks volumes about American care for human rights: “In the government-sponsored studies conducted in Guatemala between 1946 and 1948, doctors tried to infect prisoners, soldiers and mental patients by giving them prostitutes who were carrying the diseases or were infected by the researchers. The researchers also scraped sensitive parts of subjects’ anatomy to expose wounds to disease-causing bacteria, poured infectious pus into subjects’ eyes, and injected some victims’ spines,”.
在40年代和50年代，故意在危地马拉散播性病，此为十恶不赦之罪。美国炡椨的“科学家”使超过1400人感染性病，只为了研究性病的效果。感染这是完全不知情的。引用华盛顿邮报关于美国关注人权的深入报道：“1946年和1948年之间，炡椨资助了这次在危地马拉的研究行动，医生通过给囚犯，士兵和精神病人提供已经感染性病或被这些研究人员故意注入性病的妓女是他们感染。研究人员还故意刮破被试者的敏感部分并使伤口暴露在致病细菌下，还将感染的脓液灌入被试者的眼睛，并注入了一些受害者的组织刺。“
The last topic I want to cover in this post is U.S. support for Saddam Hussein during the Iran-Iraq war. Angry with the newly constituted Islamic Republic of Iran over the embassy hostage crisis but mainly because of the loss of a cheap oil source, the United States backed Saddam Hussein’s invasion of Iran in the early 80′s. The U.S. provided the tyrannical regime with not only weapons and funds but also military advisers. There were American air force officers in Baghdad running the day to day air operations of the Iraqi Air Force. Not only this but America preferred to turn a blind eye to Saddam’s use of chemical weapons on the Kurdish population of northern Iraq and on the Iranian troops. Of course, a decade later their ally became public enemy number one when it invaded U.S.’s “friend”, Kuwait. After another decade, the news reached Washington that Saddam is a dictator and they decided to do us all a favor and remove him from power.
文章的最后我要聊一聊在两伊战争期间美国对萨达姆·侯赛因的支持。与其说是对新成立的伊朗伊斯兰共和国处理使馆人质危机的愤怒，不如说主要是因为失去一个廉价的石油来源的愤怒。80年代早期，美国支持萨达姆·侯赛因入侵伊朗。美国提供给这个残暴专制政权的不仅是武器和资金还有军事顾问。在巴格达有美国空军军官帮助运营伊拉克空军。不仅如此，美国还对萨达姆在伊拉克北部的库尔德地区和伊朗军队使用化学武器熟视无睹。当然，十年后，当它入侵美国的“朋友”科威特之后，他从盟友变成了头号公敌。又十年后，华盛顿得到了消息，原来萨达姆是一个独裁者，美国决定帮所有人一个忙，把他赶下台。
The list can go on and on but I have made my point. Those first settlers that have fled Europe because of persecution and in search of a better life would probably be horrified to see what America has become. Instead of the bright beacon of liberty it is now more of a symbol of oppression and unbeknown to most of its citizens, America is associated by more and more people with human rights violations, torture, killings and brutality rather than the freedom, liberty and the pursuit of happiness that the founding fathers of the nation intended. It can be argued that America needed to do what’s necessary to win the Cold War. It is argued today that it needs to do what’s necessary to win the “War on Terror”. But is it all worth it? What is the point of winning something when in order to do so you have to betray your most sacred principles? When in order to defeat communism you become just as evil and in order to defeat terrorism you become one yourself…
这个清单还可以一直列下去，但我要阐明我的观点了。那些第一批移民因为迫害和寻求更好的生活而逃离欧洲，当他们看到美国变成了什么时可能会感到惊恐。不是明亮的自由灯塔而是压迫的象征。它的大部分公民都不知道，美国正被越来越多的和侵犯人权、酷刑、杀戮和残忍而不是国父们所期待的自由和追求幸福的权利联系在一起。人们可以争论说，美国需要做那些必要的事情以便赢得冷战。还有人认为它今天需要做那些必要的事情是为了赢得“反恐战争”。但这一切都值得吗?为了赢你可以背叛你最神圣的原则？为了打败共产主义你就像是一个恶魔，为了打败恐怖主义你将变成恶魔。
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发表于 2013-3-15 03:04
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